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1.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 76(6): 336-342, jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101487

RESUMO

Introducción: A pesar de la baja prevalencia infantil de infección por virus hepatitis C (VHC) y su leve clínica inicial, la infección crónica puede evolucionar a cirrosis y/o hepatocarcinoma. Es fundamental controlar su transmisión vertical. Los últimos estudios describen hasta 50% de transmisiones intraútero. Material y métodos: Estudiamos retrospectivamente 17 casos de infección por VHC en 8 años, analizando los factores de riesgo de transmisión vertical, para aplicar prevención primaria. Resultados: Solo la adicción a drogas vía parenteral muestra riesgo significativo, sin ser la coinfección VIH factor de confusión. La carga viral, la coinfección por VIH, la disfunción hepática y el tiempo de evolución de infección no muestran mayor riesgo. La cesárea, la amniocentesis y la monitorización interna pueden ser factores de riesgo (sin significación estadística), pero no las horas de amniorrexis. La lactancia materna muestra protección. Conclusiones: Pese a la importancia frecuentemente atribuida, el efecto de la carga viral sobre el riesgo de transmisión no está claramente establecido: la ausencia de viremia no descarta el riesgo de transmisión, ya que la detección de ARN viral puede ser intermitente, y por tanto, los datos al respecto deben interpretarse con cautela. La inmunosupresión secundaria a la coinfección por VIH supone mayor riesgo de transmisión, pero dicho efecto disminuye al mejorar la capacidad inmune gracias al tratamiento antirretroviral. Respecto a las características del parto, el tiempo transcurrido tras la rotura de membranas no ha mostrado ser factor de riesgo; y se desestima la cesárea como forma óptima y electiva de finalizar la gestación de estas mujeres. La lactancia materna, lejos de suponer mayor riesgo de transmisión, puede ser protectora. La escasa carga viral en la leche, su inactivación por el pH ácido gástrico y sus beneficios inmunológicos justificarían este resultado. Dadas las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivos, es necesario plantear análisis prospectivos para conocer mejor el papel de los posibles factores de riesgo y establecer pautas claras de prevención; de momento, es fundamental el control evolutivo de todos los hijos de madres con infección por el VHC (AU)


Introduction: Despite the low prevalence of paediatric HCV infection and its initial mild clinical expressiveness, chronic infection could progress into cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma. It is essential to control vertical transmission. Recent studies show that up to 50% of transmissions occur within the uterus. Material y methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 17 cases of (Hepatitis C virus) HCV infection registered over a period of 8 years. Vertical transmission risk factors were analysed, in order to introduce primary prevention. Results: Only parenteral drug addiction significantly increased the rate of HCV transmission; HIV co-infection was not a confounding factor. HCV viremia, HIV co-infection, liver dysfunction and/or duration of the infection did not appear to affect the rate of transmission. Caesarean section, amniocentesis and internal monitoring may be risk factors (not statistically significant), but not prolonged vaginal delivery after amniotic membrane rupture. Breastfeeding showed protection. Conclusions: The effect of viremia on the risk of transmission is not clearly established, despite the importance usually attributed. Lack of viremia does not discount the risk of transmission, due to viral RNA detection can be intermittent, so it should be interpreted cautiously. Immunosuppression secondary to HIV co-infection implies a higher risk of transmission, but this effect decreases by improving immune competence by antiretroviral treatment. With regard to the birth characteristics, time after the rupture of membranes has not shown being a risk factor; being the caesarean not advisable as a good alternative to finish the pregnancy. Breastfeeding does not increase the risk, even it can be protective. This results would be justified by the low viral content of milk, its inactivation by gastric pH and its immunological benefits. Given that retrospective studies results are limited, prospective studies need to be carried out in order to improve the understanding of the role of possible risk factors and to provide a clear preventive guidelines. At the moment it is essential to control all the children born of mothers with HCV infection (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV , Carga Viral
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 76(6): 336-42, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22265375

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Despite the low prevalence of paediatric HCV infection and its initial mild clinical expressiveness, chronic infection could progress into cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma. It is essential to control vertical transmission. Recent studies show that up to 50% of transmissions occur within the uterus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] A retrospective study was conducted on 17 cases of (Hepatitis C virus) HCV infection registered over a period of 8 years. Vertical transmission risk factors were analysed, in order to introduce primary prevention. RESULTS: Only parenteral drug addiction significantly increased the rate of HCV transmission; HIV co-infection was not a confounding factor. HCV viremia, HIV co-infection, liver dysfunction and/or duration of the infection did not appear to affect the rate of transmission. Caesarean section, amniocentesis and internal monitoring may be risk factors (not statistically significant), but not prolonged vaginal delivery after amniotic membrane rupture. Breastfeeding showed protection. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of viremia on the risk of transmission is not clearly established, despite the importance usually attributed. Lack of viremia does not discount the risk of transmission, due to viral RNA detection can be intermittent, so it should be interpreted cautiously. Immunosuppression secondary to HIV co-infection implies a higher risk of transmission, but this effect decreases by improving immune competence by antiretroviral treatment. With regard to the birth characteristics, time after the rupture of membranes has not shown being a risk factor; being the caesarean not advisable as a good alternative to finish the pregnancy. Breastfeeding does not increase the risk, even it can be protective. This results would be justified by the low viral content of milk, its inactivation by gastric pH and its immunological benefits. Given that retrospective studies results are limited, prospective studies need to be carried out in order to improve the understanding of the role of possible risk factors and to provide a clear preventive guidelines. At the moment it is essential to control all the children born of mothers with HCV infection.


Assuntos
Hepatite C/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 67(5): 208-212, mayo 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60774

RESUMO

La apnea de la prematuridad es una patología característica de recién nacidos prematuros, que refleja la inmadurez de los mecanismos de control de la respiración. El aumento de la incidencia y la supervivencia de los niños prematuros conlleva quela apnea de la pematuridad sea una patología altamente prevalente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. El manejo de esta patología consiste, por una parte, en optimizarlas medidas de cuidado del prematuro y, por otra parte, en la identificación y el tratamiento de las causas subyacentes que puedan empeorar la clínica, como infecciones, anemia, hipoglucemia, ductus arterioso persistente, etc. La estimulación física (kinesioterapia) se emplea frecuentemente, y reduce la apnea de forma significativa. El tratamiento específico incluye el uso de fármacos, como las metilxantinas, y de soporte ventilatorio: presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria (CPAP), ventilación nasal con presión positiva intermitente (VNPPI) y ventilación mecánica convencional (VMC). La instauración del tratamiento es escalonada, lo mismo que su retirada ante la mejoría clínica, en sentido inverso a su instauración (AU)


Apnea of prematurity is a characteristic pathology in premature newborns, reflex of respiratory system immaturity. The increase of the incidence and survival of premature newborns makes this pathology highly prevalent in the neonatal intensive care units. On one hand, the management of this pathology consists of optimizing the care measures of the premature baby. On the other hand, the identification and treatment of underlying causes that might be worsening the clinic such as infections, anaemia, hypoglycaemia, and persistent arterial ductus, etc. The physical stimulation (kinesiotherapy) is frequently used and reduces the apnea significantly. The specific treatment includes the use of drugs such as methylxanthine, and ventilatory support: CPAP, nasal noninvasive ventilation-INV and CMV. The implementation of the treatment must be spaced out as well as its withdrawal before the clinical improvement, inversely as regards to its implementation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Asfixia Neonatal/terapia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/uso terapêutico , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Ventilação com Pressão Positiva Intermitente , Respiração Artificial , Apneia/complicações , Monitorização Fisiológica , Cafeína/uso terapêutico
4.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 33(1): 15-30, ene.-mar. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053289

RESUMO

La lipoaspiración es actualmente el procedimiento cosmético más comúnmente realizado en Cirugía Estética. Este trabajo muestra nuestra experiencia a largo plazo, en la remodelación del contorno corporal mediante lipoaspiración de grandes volúmenes (megalipoaspiración), intentando demostrar que esta técnica puede ser aplicada a pacientes bien seleccionados bajo la dirección multidisciplinaria de profesionales. Un total de 120 pacientes fueron tratados en el Centro Internacional de Medicina Avanzada, (CIMA) de Barcelona, España, durante el período de 1 año, desde Noviembre de 2004 hasta Noviembre de 2005. Se realizó lipoescultura de múltiples zonas, con una cantidad media de volumen aspirado de 7.5 l ( entre 6 y 10 l). Discutimos en este trabajo diversas variables, observando la capacidad para mantener controles hemodinámicos estables, con cambios en los valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito pre y postoperatorios que mostraron que no existe un relación directa ni absoluta entre el volumen de grasa aspirada y las pérdidas predecibles de sangre, sino que resulta determinante la calidad de la grasa aspirada y las áreas tratadas, lo que reduce los riesgos y garantiza la satisfacción de los pacientes tratados (AU)


Lipoaspiration is actually the most frecuent cosmetic procedure in aesthetic surgery . This work shows our long term experience in body contouring with large volume liposuction (megaliposuction), trying to demonstrate that it can be applied to selected and prepared patients under multidisciplinary direction. A total of 120 patients were operated on the CIMA (Centro Internacional de Medicina avanzada, Barcelona, España) during 1 year period, from November 2004 to November 2005. We practised liposculpture of different areas with an average aspirated volume of 7,5 l (between 6 and 10 l).In this work we discuss some results and we observe the capacity to keep stable hemodinamic controls with changes in pre a postoperative values of hemoglobin and hematocrit, showing that there is not direct, nor absolute relation between the predictable volume of aspirated fat and the loss of blood; however is more important the quality of the aspirated fat and the anatomical areas treated, to reduce the risks and to assure patients´ satisfaction (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Lipectomia/métodos , Tecido Adiposo/cirurgia , Lipodistrofia/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Seleção de Pacientes
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